The US Supreme Court ruled Friday that some private
businesses can refuse service to same-sex couples for religious reasons, in a
landmark erosion of anti-discrimination laws.
The court backed the case of a Christian graphic designer
from the state of Colorado who said that due to her beliefs she would not make
a wedding website for a same-sex couple.
Lorie Smith, owner of website design firm 303 Creative,
challenged a state law that prohibits businesses from discriminating on the
basis of gender, race, religion or sexual orientation.
Smith said that creating marriage announcements for same-sex
couples would be “inconsistent” with her Christian beliefs and being compelled
to do so would violate her First Amendment free speech rights.
Colorado “seeks to use its law to compel an individual to
create speech she does not believe,” Justice Neil Gorsuch wrote in the decision
backed by all six of the top court’s conservatives.
“That principle would allow the government to force all
manner of artists, speechwriters, and others whose services involve speech to
speak what they do not believe on pain of penalty,” Gorsuch wrote.
The decision focused on a limited category of commercial
activities, like artists or businesses those creating content.
But leading the dissent of the court’s three liberal
justices, Sonia Sotomayor warned that it risks being applied to any business as
part of a wider “backlash” to the moves toward LGBTQ equality.
“Today, the Court, for the first time in its history, grants
a business open to the public a constitutional right to refuse to serve members
of a protected class,” she wrote.
The case grew out of a campaign by a conservative Christian
group, the Alliance Defending Freedom, fighting against Colorado’s strict
anti-discrimination laws.
In arguments last December, Kristen Waggoner, who heads the
Alliance, said the state law would force Smith to “create and speak messages”
she does not believe in “on pain of investigation, fine and reeducation.”
“When you’re requiring a speaker to create a message to
celebrate something that they believe to be false you’re compelling their
speech,” said Waggoner.
The case closely resembled one from 2018 when the Supreme
Court partially ruled in favor of Colorado cakemaker Jack Phillips, also a
devout Christian, who had refused to make a wedding cake for a gay couple.
But the court in that case narrowly ruled against Colorado’s
Civil Rights Commission, saying that its actions requiring Phillips to make a
cake with a message he didn’t believe in had infringed on his religious rights.
The court did not rule on whether Phillips had the right to
discriminate against the couple by denying them business as a gay couple.
Waggoner and the Alliance also represented Phillips in that
case.
